Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Practice Exam

Which type of error typically shows no pattern and is unpredictable?

1. Systematic error

2. Random error

3. Blunder

4. Human error

The correct answer is: Random error

Random error is characterized by its unpredictable nature and lack of a discernible pattern. This type of error arises from various small, uncontrollable fluctuations in measurements, such as changes in environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity), slight variations in instrument performance, or different observer interpretations. Since these factors can vary from one measurement to the next, the impact of random errors cannot be predicted or consistently applied across multiple observations. In contrast, systematic errors are consistent and predictable, arising from flaws in equipment or methodologies. They lead to biases in results, as they affect measurements in a uniform direction. Blunders refer to significant mistakes that can occur due to human oversight, such as misreading data or improperly calibrating tools, which are noticeable and typically identifiable. Human error encompasses mistakes made by individuals while performing tasks but does not inherently relate to the randomness of errors. Understanding the nature of random errors is crucial for surveyors as it informs them about the uncertainty inherent in their data and helps in applying appropriate statistical techniques to account for it in their analysis and decision-making processes.