Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Practice Exam

What is the term for an error due to the limitations of the measuring instrument?

1. Instrument error

2. Systematic error

3. Random error

4. Human error

The correct answer is: Instrument error

The term for an error arising specifically from the limitations and imperfections inherent in the measuring instrument is referred to as instrument error. This type of error is largely systematic, meaning that it tends to produce consistent discrepancies in the measurements taken with the instrument over time. For example, if a surveyor uses a leveling instrument that is miscalibrated or has inherent biases in the optical system, this would lead to instrument errors in the measurements recorded. Instrument errors can be attributed to several factors, including the precision of the instrument's scale, the quality of its construction, or even wear and tear over time. Recognizing and understanding instrument errors is crucial for surveyors as these errors must be accounted for to improve the accuracy of measurements and analyses. In contrast, systematic errors generally encompass a broader category that includes not only instrument errors but also other predictable inaccuracies in measurement processes, whereas random errors are typically due to unpredictable variations and can affect the reliability of readings. Human error involves mistakes made by the operator during measurements or data recording. Understanding these distinctions helps in identifying and mitigating various sources of error in surveying.