Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) Practice Exam

In survey data, how can systematic errors be recognized?

1. By comparing results from different methods

2. By averaging multiple readings

3. By observing random fluctuations

4. By variance in repeated trials

The correct answer is: By comparing results from different methods

Systematic errors are consistent, repeatable errors that occur due to a flaw in the measurement system or methodology, as opposed to random errors which arise from unpredictable or uncontrollable variations. Recognizing systematic errors is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of survey data. Comparing results from different methods allows surveyors to identify discrepancies that may indicate the presence of systematic errors. If two different methods yield significantly different results for the same measurement, this suggests that at least one of the methods may be introducing a systematic error. For example, if a distance measurement taken using both a tape measure and a total station shows a consistent difference, this could signal a bias in one of the instruments or techniques being used. While averaging multiple readings can smooth out random errors, it may not effectively reveal systematic errors, as these will consistently skew the results in one direction rather than fluctuate. Observing random fluctuations typically relates more to random errors rather than systematic issues, and variance in repeated trials may suggest either random or systematic discrepancies, but does not clearly pinpoint the presence of systematic errors as effectively as method comparison does. By focusing on method comparison, surveyors can better diagnose and correct the underlying issues associated with systematic errors, enhancing the overall quality of their data.